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NASA 1996:
A Year of
Spectacular
Discoveries
and New
Challenges
A rock, a record, a rover and a new rocket led NASA news stories in 1996.



LIFE ON MARS? TANTALIZING CLUES FROM AN ANCIENT ROCK

In an announcement that caused all humankind to take pause, NASA Administrator Daniel S. Goldin and a team of scientists revealed in August that a meteorite from Mars strongly suggested that primitive life may have existed on that planet more than 3 billion years ago.

In a press conference at NASA Headquarters, a research team showed the world pictures of the first organic molecules thought to be of Martian origin. They showed several features characteristic of biological activity, and possible microscopic fossils of primitive, bacteria-like organisms inside the ancient meteorite.

In vowing to pursue the investigation of this historic discovery, Goldin said:
"The evidence is exciting, even compelling, but not conclusive. It is a discovery that demands further scientific investigation. NASA is ready to assist the process of rigorous scientific investigation and lively scientific debate that will follow this discovery."
Goldin invited governments from around the globe to participate in the continuing investigation of the meteorite.

Learn all about the new era of Mars exploration




SHANNON LUCID SETS U.S. RECORD FOR STAY IN SPACE

Astronaut Dr. Shannon Lucid set a new record for an American living in space and broke the world's record for a woman living in space by spending 181 days aboard the Russian Mir Space Station.

Lucid, who conducted microgravity and life sciences experiments aboard the Mir with two Russian cosmonauts, returned to Earth aboard Space Shuttle Atlantis in November.

President Clinton presented Lucid with the Congressional Space Medal of Honor in an early December ceremony, citing Lucid "for her contributions to international cooperation in space ... Shannon Lucid is an explorer in the best tradition of those who dare to challenge the unknown."

Lucid's stay on Mir was part of continuing U.S. - Russian space cooperation, which is setting the foundation for the International Space Station.

Read more about Shannon Lucid on NASA's space shuttle-space station pages




TWO PROBES LAUNCHED TO STUDY THE RED PLANET IN 1997

In a continuing effort to learn more about Mars, the United States launched two new spacecraft to the Red Planet in 1996.

The Mars Global Surveyor and the Mars Pathfinder missions were both successfully launched from NASA's Kennedy Space Center, Forida.

Mars Global Surveyor Mars Pathfinder Read all about the new Mars explorers and their forerunners




GALILEO UNRAVELS MYSTERIES OF JUPITER AND ITS MOONS

Mars was not the only planet to reveal startling new secrets in 1996. NASA's Galileo spacecraft, in its flyby and probe deploy at Jupiter, revealed many previously unknown facts about our Solar System's largest planet.

As Galileo sped by Jupiter's moons, new details of the satellites began to emerge. Galileo successfully dropped a probe down into Jupiter's violent atmosphere in December 1995. That probe provided new discoveries for NASA scientists, including new information on the extent of water, clouds, and the chemical composition of Jupiter's atmosphere.

Learn more about Galileo's encounter with the planet Jupiter and its moons




HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE CONTINUES TO AMAZE ASTRONOMERS

Living up to its role as one of the "Great Observatories," the Hubble Space Telescope showed images of galaxies colliding, the surface of Pluto, and the birth of stars during 1996. Learn more about the amazing Hubble Space Telescope directly from its astronomers



NEXT GENERATION LAUNCH VEHICLE CHOSEN FOR DEVELOPMENT

In a quest for a faster, better, cheaper access to space in the 21st Century, Vice President Al Gore and Administrator Goldin announced that Lockheed Martin was selected to build the X-33 technology demonstration vehicle, a one-half scale prototype of the Reusable Launch Vehicle. It will be used to demonstrate advanced technologies that will dramatically increase reliability and lower the costs of putting payloads into space.

Lockheed Martin will design, build and conduct the first test flight of the X-33 test vehicle by March 1999, and conduct up to fifteen flights by December 1999.

NASA has budgeted $941 million for the project through 1999, with Lockheed Martin contributing over $200 million.

Called "VentureStar," the unpiloted vehicle will launch vertically like a rocket and land horizontally like an airplane.

Learn more about the VentureStar from the engineers building it




NASA Years in Review:     2001     2000     1999     1998     1997     1996     Today

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